Biologically

Biology is a natural science that is concerned with the study of life, its various forms and its function, how these organisms interact with each other and with the surrounding environment. The word biology in Greek is made up of two words: bio (βίος) meaning life. And loggia (-λογία) means science or study. Biology: the similarity of vegetation and animal cover on the edges of the African and American states, and the existence of the same fossil.

Branches of biology
Biology is an ancient science thousands of years old and modern biology began in the nineteenth century. This science has multiple branches. Among them are:

Anatomy
Botany
Biochemia
Biogeography
Biofisia
Cytology or cell science
Ecology or environmental science
 

نبذه عن الكتاب:

From Natural to Artificial Chromosomes
An Overview
Vittorio Sgaramella and Sandro Eridani
1. Introduction
The rationale for building artificial chromosomes (ACs) has been
critically reviewed by various authors at different stages of this line
of investigation, initiated in the early 1980s.
Two major goals have been generally stressed: first, the possibility of a better understanding of the structure and functions of natural chromosomes; second, the challenges presented by their use as
large-capacity gene vectors for DNA cloning, in view of genetic
improvement (in animals of commercial relevance) and hopefully
of disease correction (in humans): for a review, see Willard (1). The
main features for an efficient mammalian AC (MAC) are (1) a vectorial capacity up to a few megabases; (2) a manageable size for
their in vitro manipulation; (3) a correct intracellular location and
copy number; (4) no untoward effect on the host cell; and (5) the
ability to express the transgene (or transchromosome) in a physiological way

Biology
Human biology
Who is the founder of biology?
The importance of biology
Areas of work in the field of biology
Theories of biology
Research on biology for the first grade of secondary school
Human biology